![]() Charbonneau agreed to help the explorers, but it was his Shoshone wife, Sacajawea, who proved to be the important presence on the expedition. The pair first met a Shoshone Indian when they hired French-Canadian fur trapper Toussaint Charbonneau to serve as their interpreter. Their relations with whites really began with the 1804–1806 Lewis and Clark expedition into the American West. The Shoshone first saw Spanish settlers, who arrived in the New World in the 1500s, and later encountered other explorers, but contact with foreigners was minimal. Shoshone help American explorers and settlers January 1863: The Bear River Massacre takes place.ġ863: The first Treaty of Fort Bridger is negotiated, setting aside reservation land for Shoshone groups.ġ868: The second treaty of Fort Bridger is negotiated, reducing the amount of reservation lands.ġ930s: Shoshone bands reorganize and form tribal governments.ġ990s: Struggles over land rights continue.Ģ006: The United Nations tells the United States to cease activity on Shoshone land until Shoshone claims are settled. ![]() 1700: The Northern and Eastern Shoshone acquire horses and become buffalo hunters.ġ782: The Eastern Shoshone are devastated by smallpox and attacks by the Blackfoot. This constant friction, coupled with a 1782 smallpox epidemic, caused the Eastern Shoshone to move into Wyoming. The tribe eventually expanded its hunting territory and ran into conflict with other buffalo-hunting tribes like the Blackfeet and Arapaho (see entry). Soon they began to hunt buffalo, a task made easier after they acquired horses late in the seventeenth century. The Northern and Eastern groups, for example, adopted a nomadic lifestyle, hunting and gathering where resources were plentiful. The Shoshone adapted well to their new surroundings. They dominated the Great Basin until the arrival of other tribes such as the Blackfeet and Sioux (see entries) from the East. Historians call the groups Northern, Western, and Eastern Shoshone, but most Shoshone do not refer to themselves that way.Īround the time of their move from the Southwest into the Great Basin, the Shoshone tribes separated and settled in different areas. Members of the bands speak the same language, but they developed different lifestyles based on the areas where they lived and how they supported themselves. In modern times they struggle for the rights to their ancestral lands. The Shoshone had friendly relations with white settlers at first, but this changed as they found themselves forced onto reservations. 1812) who helped guide the historic expedition in which American explorers Meriwether Lewis (1774–1809) and William Clark (1770–1836) mapped the West for the first time. The Shoshone are perhaps best known for being the tribe of Sacajawea (pronounced sak-uh-juh-WEE-uh also spelled “Sacagawea” c. Theirs was a sparsely populated region where life was hard some groups tried to eke out a living in Death Valley, the lowest point in the Americas with little rain and very high temperatures. Many different Shoshone groups (called bands) lived throughout the Great Basin-an area located between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada mountain range. Some of the many groups who make up the Shoshone tribe are related to the Paiute, Comanche, and Ute tribes. Origins and group affiliationsĮarly Shoshone most likely moved north from the Southwest between about 1 ce and 1000. Nevada had 1,713 California had 1,101 Utah had 645 and Idaho had 312. ![]() Wyoming still contained the largest number of tribal members (2,385). ![]() In 2000 the total Shoshone population had dropped 8,340. ![]() The largest numbers lived in Wyoming (1,752), Idaho (676), Nevada (2,637), and California (1,595). Census, 9,506 people identified themselves as Shoshone. (Earlier estimates are not reliable because they often included members of other tribes.) In the 1990 U.S. In 1845 there were an estimated 4,500 Northern and Western Shoshone. Modern-day Shoshone live on or near reservations in their former territory. Locationįormerly in parts of California, Oregon, Nevada, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming. The name may mean “high growing grass.” The Shoshone refer to themselves using several similar words that mean “people.” Other tribes and whites often referred to them as “Snake” people for two reasons: their location near the Snake River, which runs through Wyoming, Idaho, and Oregon, and the tribal warriors’ wartime practice of carrying rattles that looked like snakes and using them to frighten enemies’ horses. Shoshone (pronounced shuh-SHOW-nee) or Shoshoni. ![]()
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